July 23 Totally Explained

Everything about July 23 totally explained

Events

1632 - 300 colonists bound for New France depart Dieppe, France.
1793 - The Prussians conquer Mayence.
1829 - In the United States, William Austin Burt patents the Typographer, a precursor to the typewriter.
1833 - Cornerstones laid for construction of the Kirtland Temple in Ohio.
1840 - The Province of Canada is created by the Act of Union.
1862 - American Civil War: Henry W. Halleck takes command of the Union Army.
1874 - Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos is appointed the Archbishop of the Portuguese colonial enclave of Goa.
1881 - The Federation Internationale de Gymnastique, the world's oldest international sport federation, is founded.
1903 - Ford Motor Company sells its first car.
1914 - Austria-Hungary issues an ultimatum to Serbia allowing the Austrians to find out who killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand. When Serbia denies Austria-Hungary their demands World War I is sparked on July 28, 1914
1926 - Fox Film buys the patents of the Movietone sound system for recording sound onto film.
1929 - Fascist government in Italy bans the use of foreign words.
1936 - In Catalonia, Spain, the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia is founded through the merger of socialist and communist parties.
1940 - US Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles`s declaration on the US non-recognition policy of the Soviet annexation and incorporation of three Baltic States - Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
1942 - The Holocaust: The Treblinka extermination camp is opened
1942 - World War II: Hitler signs the Operation Edelweiss.
1945 - The process against Philippe Pétain begins.
1952 - Establishment of the European Coal and Steel community.
1952 - General Muhammad Naguib leads the Free Officers Movement (formed by Gamal Abdel Nasser - the real power behind the coup) in the overthrow of King Farouk of Egypt.
1956 - The Loi Cadre is passed by the French Republic in order to order French overseas territory affairs.
1961 - Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) founded in Nicaragua.
1962 - Telstar relays the first live trans-Atlantic television signal.
1962 - The International Agreement on the Neutrality of Laos was signed.
1967 - 12th Street Riot: In Detroit, Michigan, one of the worst riots in United States history begins on 12th Street in the predominantly African American inner city (43 killed, 342 injured and ~1,400 buildings burned).
1968 - Glenville Shootout: In Cleveland, Ohio, a violent shootout between a Black Militant organization led by Ahmed Evans and the Cleveland Police Department occurred. During the shootout, a riot began that lasted for five days.
1968 - The first and only successful hijacking of an El Al aircraft took place when a 707 carrying 10 crew and 38 passengers was taken over by three members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP). The aircraft was en route from Rome, Italy, to Lod, Israel.
1970 - Qaboos ibn Sa’id, becomes Sultan of Oman after overthrowing his father, Sa’id ibn Taimur.
1972 - The United States launches Landsat 1, first Earth-resources satellite.
1982 - The International Whaling Commission decides to end commercial whaling by 1985-86.
1983 - Around 3,000 Tamils were slaughtered by Shinhalese Buddhist majority in Sri Lanka and some 400,000 Tamils fled to neighboring Tamil Nadu, India and a lot found refuge in Europe and Canada. This incident, known as Black July led directly to beginning of civil war in Sri Lanka.
1983 - Gimli Glider: Air Canada flight 143 lands "dead-stick" in Gimli, Manitoba.
1984 - Vanessa Williams becomes the first Miss America to resign when she surrenders her crown after nude photos of her appeared in Penthouse magazine.
1986 - In London, Prince Andrew, Duke of York marries Sarah Ferguson at Westminster Abbey.
1988 - General Ne Win, effective ruler of Myanmar since 1962 resigns after pro-democracy protests.
1992 - A Vatican commission, led by Joseph Ratzinger, establishes it's necessary to limit rights of homosexual people and non-married couples.
1995 - Comet Hale-Bopp is discovered and is visibly seen with a naked eye nearly a year later.
1997 - Digital Equipment Company files antitrust charges against chipmaker Intel.
1997 - Spree killer Andrew Cunanan commits suicide in the upstairs bedroom aboard a Miami houseboat to avoid capture by the police
1999 - Crown Prince Mohammed Ben Al-Hassan, is crowned King Mohammed VI of Morroco at the death of his father.
1999 - ANA Flight 61 is hijacked in Tokyo.
2004 - Eleven years after its destruction, Stari most (the Old Bridge) in Mostar is reopened.
2005 - Three bombs hit the Naama Bay area of Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, killing 88 people.

Births

645 - Yazid I, Sixth caliph of Islam (d. 683)

1301 - Duke Otto of Austria (d. 1339)

1339 - King Louis I of Naples (d. 1384)

1503 - Anna Jagello, Queen of the Romans (d. 1547)

1649 - Pope Clement XI (d. 1721)

1705 - Francis Blomefield, English topographer (d. 1752)

1775 - Etienne-Louis Malus, French physicist and mathematician (d. 1812)

1777 - Philipp Otto Runge, German painter (d. 1810)

1796 - Franz Berwald, Swedish composer (d. 1868)

1823 - Alexandre-Antonin Taché, Canadian Catholic priest and archbishop (d. 1894)

1838 - Edouard Judas Colonne, French violinist (d. 1910)

1856 - Lokmanya Tilak, Indian freedom fighter (d. 1920)

1864 - Apolinario Mabini, Filipino political theoretician and Prime Minister (d. 1903)

1865 - Max Heindel, Danish Christian occultist, astrologer, and mystic (d. 1919)

1884 - Emil Jannings, Swiss actor (d. 1950)

1886 - Salvador de Madariaga, Spanish League of Nations official (d. 1978)

1886 - Walter H. Schottky, German physicist (d. 1976)

1888 - Raymond Chandler, American-born author (d. 1959)

1892 - Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia (d. 1975)

1894 - Arthur Treacher, English character actor (d. 1975)

1895 - Aileen Pringle, American actress (d. 1989)

1898 - Jacob Marschak, American economist (d. 1977)

1898 - Red Dutton, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1987)

1899 - Gustav Heinemann, 3rd President of the Federal Republic of Germany (d. 1976)

1901 - Hank Worden, American actor and rodeo cowboy (d. 1992)

1906 - Vladimir Prelog, Croatian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)

1906 - Chandrasekhar Azad, Indian revolutionary (d. 1931)

1912 - Michael Wilding, English actor (d. 1979)

1913 - Michael Foot, English politician

1918 - Bueno de Mesquita Dutch comedian and actor (d. 2005)

1918 - Pee Wee Reese, American baseball player (d. 1999)

1920 - Amalia Rodrigues, Portuguese fado singer (d. 1999)

1921 - Calvert DeForest, American actor (d. 2007)

1923 - Luis Aloma, Cuban baseball player (d. 1997)

1923 - Cyril M. Kornbluth, American writer (d. 1958)

1923 - Amalia Mendoza, Mexican singer (d. 2001)

1924 - Gavin Lambert, British-born screenwriter (d. 2005)

1927 - Gérard Brach, French film director and screenwriter (d. 2006)

1928 - Hubert Selby Jr., American author (d. 2004)

1931 - Te Atairangi Kaahu, Māori Queen (d. 2006)

1931 - Guy Fournier, French Canadian author and screenwriter

1931 - Claude Fournier, French Canadian film director and screenwriter

1933 - Bert Convy, American game show host and performer (d. 1991)

1935 - Jim Hall, American race car driver and constructor (Chaparral Cars)

1935 - Hein Heinsen, Danish artist

1936 - Shiv Kumar Batalvi, Punjabi revolutionary (d. 1973)

1936 - Don Drysdale, American baseball player (d. 1993)

1936 - Anthony Kennedy, U.S. Supreme Court Justice

1937 - Dave Webster, Led his football team to a National Championship in 1958

1938 - Juliet Anderson, American pornographic actress

1938 - Ronny Cox, American actor

1938 - Götz George, German actor

1938 - Charles Harrelson, American convicted murderer; father of Woody Harrelson (d. 2007)

1938 - Bert Newton, Australian actor and television show host

1940 - Don Imus, American talk radio host

1942 - Myra Hindley, English murderer (d. 2002)

1942 - Sallyanne Atkinson, Australian politician

1943 - Dr. Randall Forsberg, American nuclear freeze advocate (d. 2007)

1943 - Tony Joe White, American singer and songwriter

1947 - Gardner Dozois, American author

1947 - David Essex, English singer

1948 - John Cushnahan, Northern Irish politician

1948 - John Hall, American politician and former rock musician

1950 - Alex Kozinski, Romanian-born American judge

1951 - Edie McClurg, American actress

1952 - Bill Nyrop, American ice hockey player (d. 1995)

1953 - Graham Gooch, English cricketer

1957 - Theo van Gogh, Dutch film director (d. 2004)

1957 - Nick Galis, Greek basketball player

1961 - Martin Gore, English musician and songwriter (Depeche Mode)

1961 - Woody Harrelson, American actor

1961 - André Ducharme, Quebec humorist (Rock et Belles Oreilles) and author

1962 - Eriq La Salle, American actor

1964 - Ed Forchion, American marijuana activist

1965 - Rob Dickinson, English musician

1965 - Slash, English guitarist (ex-Guns N' Roses)

1966 - Samantha Beckinsale, English actress

1967 - Philip Seymour Hoffman, American actor

1968 - Nick Menza, American musician, drummer

1968 - Gary Payton, American basketball player

1968 - Stephanie Seymour, American supermodel

1970 - Charisma Carpenter, American actress

1970 - Thea Dorn, German writer

1971 - Dalvin DeGrate, American singer

1971 - Alison Krauss, American singer and fiddler

1971 - Chris Michalek, American musician

1972 - Marlon Wayans, American actor

1973 - Nomar Garciaparra, American baseball player

1973 - Omar Epps, American actor

1973 - Francis Healy, Scottish rock musician (Travis)

1973 - Monica Lewinsky, American White House intern

1974 - Terry Glenn, American football player

1974 - Maurice Greene, American athlete

1974 - Stephanie March, American actress

1974 - Sonny Siaki, Samoan-born professional wrestler

1974 - Rik Verbrugghe, Belgian cyclist

1974 - Kathryn Hahn, American actress

1975 - Seong Hyeon-ah, South Korean actress

1975 - Surya Sivakumar, Tamil actor

1976 - Judit Polgár, Hungarian chess player

1976 - Jonathan Gallant, Canadian musician (Billy Talent)

1977 - Neicer Reasco, Ecuadorian footballer

1977 - Scott Clemmensen, American ice hockey player

1978 - Stuart Elliott, Northern Irish footballer

1978 - Stefanie Sun, Singaporean singer

1979 - Ricardo Sperafico, Brazilian racing driver

1980 - Michelle Williams, American singer (Destiny's Child)

1981 - Steve Jocz, Canadian drummer (Sum 41)

1982 - Gerald Wallace, American basketball player

1983 - Andrew Eiden, American actor

1983 - Bec Hewitt, Australian actress

1983 - Aaron Peirsol, American swimmer

1984 - Brandon Roy, American professional basketball player

1985 - Luis Ángel Landín, Mexican footballer

1988 - Pippa Bennett-Warner, English actress

1989 - Daniel Radcliffe, English actor

1991 - Michael Montgomery, Australian actor

1996 - Rachel G. Fox, American actress

Deaths

1227 - Qiu Chuji, Chinese Taoist (b. 1148)

1373 - Saint Birgitta, Swedish saint (b. 1303)

1403 - Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester, English rebel (executed) (b. 1343)

1531 - Louis de Brézé, seigneur d'Anet, Marshal of Normandy and husband of Diane de Poitiers

1584 - John Day, English printer (b. 1522)

1692 - Gilles Ménage, French scholar (b. 1613)

1727 - Simon Harcourt, 1st Viscount Harcourt, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain

1757 - Domenico Scarlatti, Italian composer (b. 1685)

1764 - Gilbert Tennent, Irish-born religious leader (b. 1703)

1773 - George Edwards, English naturalist (b. 1693)

1781 - John Joachim Zubly, Swiss-born Continental Congressman (b. 1724)

1793 - Roger Sherman, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1721)

1853 - Andries Pretorius, Boer leader (b. 1798)

1875 - Isaac Singer, American inventor and entrepreneur (b. 1811)

1878 - Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky, Bohemian physician (b. 1804)

1885 - Ulysses S. Grant, 18th President of the United States (b. 1822)

1916 - Sir William Ramsay, Scottish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)

1920 - Conrad Kohrs, German-born rancher (b. 1835)

1923 - Pancho Villa, Mexican revolutionary (b. 1878)

1924 - Frank Frost Abbott, American classical scholar (b. 1850)

1930 - Glenn Curtiss, American aviation pioneer (b. 1878)

1932 - Tenby Davies, Welsh half-mile world champion runner (b. 1884)

1942 - Adam Czerniakow, Polish engineer (suicide) (b. 1880)

1948 - D. W. Griffith, American film director (b. 1875)

1951 - Henri Philippe Pétain, leader of Vichy France (b. 1856)

1951 - Robert J. Flaherty, American filmmaker (b. 1884)

1955 - Cordell Hull, 47th United States Secretary of State, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1871)

1966 - Montgomery Clift, American actor (b. 1920)

1968 - Henry Hallett Dale, English scientist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1875)

1971 - Van Heflin, American actor (b. 1910)

1979 - Joseph Kessel, French journalist and novelist (b. 1898)

1980 - Mollie Steimer, anarchist agitator and American political prisoner (b. 1897)

1980 - Sarto Fournier, Mayor of Montreal (b. 1908)

1980 - Keith Godchaux, American pianist (Grateful Dead) (b. 1948)

1982 - Vic Morrow, American actor (b. 1929)

1983 - Georges Auric, French composer (b. 1899)

1985 - Johnny Wardle, English cricketer (b. 1923)

1989 - Donald Barthelme, American author (b. 1931)

1990 - Kenjiro Takayanagi, Japanese development of television (b. 1899)

1993 - James R. Jordan, Sr., father of Michael Jordan (b. 1936)

1996 - Aliki Vougiouklaki, Greek actress (b. 1934)

1997 - Chuhei Nambu, Japanese athlete (b. 1904)

1999 - King Hassan II of Morocco (b. 1929)

2001 - Eudora Welty, American author (b. 1909)

2002 - Leo McKern, Australian actor (b. 1920)

2002 - William Luther Pierce, American author and activist (b. 1933)

2002 - Chaim Potok, American novelist and rabbi (b. 1929)

2003 - James E. Davis, New York City councilman (murdered) (b. 1962)

2004 - Mehmood, Indian actor (b. 1932)

2004 - Carlos Paredes, Portuguese musician and composer (b. 1925)

2004 - Piero Piccioni, Italian musician, conductor and composer (b. 1921)

2004 - Serge Reggiani, French singer and actor (b. 1922)

2005 - Ted Greene, American jazz guitarist and teacher (b. 1946)

2006 - Jean-Paul Desbiens, Quebec writer and journalist (b. 1927)

2007 - Mohammed Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan (b. 1914)

Holidays and observances

Egypt - Revolution Day (1952)

Roman Empire - Neptunalia held in honor of Neptune

Rastafari movement - Celebration of the birthday of Haile Selassie Roman Catholic

Saint Liborius, bishop of Le Mans, confessor [northernGermany]

Saint Bridget of Sweden, widow [Bamberg,Mainz, Münster, Riga]Further Information

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